Durham, James
1762-c.1802 · Contribution: 1783
One of the earliest known African American physicians in the U.S. -- largely self-taught, without a formal degree -- who ran a respected New Orleans practice and corresponded with Dr. Benjamin Rush
Portraits are AI-generated interpretations, not photographs.
Impact on the world
Believed to be the first African-American to practice medicine in the United States; renowned for his exceptional success treating yellow fever patients in New Orleans, with a survival rate far exceeding that of other physicians of his era.
Life & background
Born into slavery, Durham was taught to read, write, and practice rudimentary medicine by the physicians who owned him. After buying his freedom, he established a medical practice in New Orleans in 1783, despite lacking a formal medical degree. He gained renown for his treatment of yellow fever patients, reportedly losing only 11 of 64 patients during an outbreak, a survival rate that drew attention from prominent physicians of the era including Benjamin Rush.
Sources
- The College of Physicians of Philadelphia (Mütter Museum); Encyclopedia.com; BlackPast.org
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